Document various basic clause syntaxes

docs/source/supplementary/mysql_syntax_docs.rst

@@ -19,6 +19,134 @@ expected quote formatting types here:
 Clause Formatting
 =================
 
+Below documents various clauses that are used in different query types.
+Each of these clauses acts as a subsection of a larger query statement.
+
+SELECT IDENTIFIER Clause
+------------------------
+
+Used to indicate the desired columns to return in a SELECT clause.
+
+Can either use the wildstar character `*` to return all columns, or use syntax
+for a :ref:`columns-clause`_, described below.
+
+
+WHERE Clause
+------------
+
+Used to limit the selection of records for a given query.
+
+
+General Syntax:
+
+.. code-block:: sql
+
+    WHERE <column_name> <expression> <value>
+
+
+Ex:
+
+.. code-block:: sql
+
+    SELECT * FROM my_table
+    WHERE my_column > 50;
+
+
+This can be chained with `AND` s or `OR` s:
+
+.. code-block:: sql
+
+    SELECT * FROM my_table
+    WHERE my_column == 0 OR (my_column > 50 AND my_column < 75);
+
+
+COLUMNS Clause
+--------------
+
+Indicates one or more columns to reference for a given query, separated by
+commas.
+
+
+General Syntax:
+
+.. code-block:: sql
+
+    <column_1>, <column_2>, ..., <column_n>
+
+
+Ex:
+
+.. code-block:: sql
+
+    SELECT id, name, description FROM my_table;
+
+
+VALUES Clause
+-------------
+
+Used to provide values for a given record.
+
+Should have one value provided per column being referenced.
+
+
+.. code-block:: sql
+
+    VALUES (<value_1>, <value_2>, ..., <value_n>)
+
+
+Ex:
+
+.. code-block:: sql
+
+    INSERT INTO my_table (id, name, description)
+    VALUES (5, "Red Towel", "A red linen towel.");
+
+
+ORDER BY Clause
+---------------
+
+Used to reorder values within a given query.
+
+One or more columns can be provided, and each column can have the `ASC` or
+`DESC` keywords, to denote "ascending order" or "descending order" respectively.
+
+If no keyword is provided for a column, then it defaults to ascending.
+
+
+.. code-block:: sql
+
+    ORDER BY <column_1> ASC|DESC, <column_2> ASC|DESC, ..., <column_n> ASC|DESC
+
+
+Ex:
+
+.. code-block:: sql
+
+    SELECT * FROM my_table
+    ORDER BY name DESC, id ASC;
+
+
+LIMIT Clause
+------------
+
+Used to limit the number of returned records in a given query.
+
+Queries with larger numbers of records will run slower and may be too many to
+properly display on the screen.
+
+
+.. code-block:: sql
+
+    LIMIT <positive_integer>
+
+
+Ex:
+
+.. code-block:: sql
+
+    SELECT * FROM my_table
+    LIMIT 100;
+
 
 Database Query Formatting
 =========================